At the beginning of the 21st century, Karl Marx's "Capital" retains its significance as the most comprehensive critique theory of the 'specific capitalist mode of production', the fundamental dynamic that characterizes the movement of modern economy and society. The development of the critique achieved in "Capital" has deeply influenced the formation of social sciences in modern history, as well as the conception of historical present itself. This observation gains an additional dimension for the interested reader, from the fact that the publication of Marx's manuscripts and notes in the late 20th century has enriched the possibilities of approaching this fundamental work. This upgrade of research and understanding was carried out within the framework of the international edition of Marx and Engels' "Collected Works" (MEGA), coordinated by the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences. Research now has access to all relevant manuscripts of Marx (both those used by Engels after Marx's death and those set aside), so the dynamic development of the first volume of "Capital", the only one approved by Marx for publication and repeatedly edited by himself, is now clear.